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Drivers Timelink Input Devices Definition
Drivers Timelink Input Devices
Drivers Timelink Input Devices Device
Drivers Timelink Input Devices Input
Drivers Timelink Input Devices Using

XInput is an API that allows applications to receive input from the Xbox Controller for Windows. This document describes the differences between XInput and DirectInput implementations of the Xbox Controller and how you can support XInput devices and legacy DirectInput devices at the same time.

Note

Use of legacy DirectInput is not recommended, and DirectInput is not available for Windows Store apps.

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The New Standard: XInput

XInput is now available for game development. This is the new input standard for both the Xbox and Windows. The APIs are available through the DirectX SDK, and the driver is available through Windows Update.

There are several advantages to using XInput over DirectInput:

XInput is easier to use and requires less setup than DirectInput
Both Xbox and Windows programming will use the same sets of core APIs, allowing programming to translate cross-platform much easier
There will be a large installed base of Xbox controllers
XInput devices (that is, the Xbox controllers) will have vibration functionality only when using XInput APIs
Future controllers released for the Xbox console (that is, steering wheels) will also work on Windows

Using the Xbox Controller with DirectInput

The Xbox Controller is properly enumerated on DirectInput, and can be used with the DirectInputAPIs. However, some functionality provided by XInput will be missing from the DirectInput implementation:

The left and right trigger buttons will act as a single button, not independently
The vibration effects will not be available
Querying for headset devices will not be available

The combination of the left and right triggers in DirectInput is by design. Games have always assumed that DirectInput device axes are centered when there is no user interaction with the device. However, the Xbox controller was designed to register minimum value, not center, when the triggers are not being held. Older games would therefore assume user interaction.

The solution was to combine the triggers, setting one trigger to a positive direction and the other to a negative direction, so no user interaction is indicative to DirectInput of the 'control' being at center.

In order to test the trigger values separately, you must use XInput.

XInput and DirectInput Side by Side

By supporting XInput only, your game will not work with legacy DirectInput devices. XInput will not recognize these devices.

If you want your game to support legacy DirectInput devices, you may use DirectInput and XInput side by side. When enumerating your DirectInput devices, all DirectInput devices will enumerate correctly. All XInput devices will show up as both XInput and DirectInput devices, but they should not be handled through DirectInput. You will need to determine which of your DirectInput devices are legacy devices, and which are XInput devices, and remove them from the enumeration of DirectInput devices.

To do this, insert this code into your DirectInput enumeration callback:

Architecture and overview

The following figure illustrates the system-supplied driver stacks for USB keyboard and mouse/touchpad devices.

The figure above includes the following components:

KBDHID.sys – HID client mapper driver for keyboards. Converts HID usages into scancodes to interface with the existing keyboard class driver.
MOUHID.sys – HID client mapper driver for mice/touchpads. Converts HID usages into mouse commands (X/Y, buttons, wheel) to interface with the existing keyboard class driver.
KBDCLASS.sys – The keyboard class driver maintains functionality for all keyboards and keypads on the system in a secure manner.
MOUCLASS.sys – The mouse class driver maintains functionality for all mice / touchpads on the system. The driver does support both absolute and relative pointing devices. This is not the driver for touchscreens as that is managed by a different driver in Windows.
HIDCLASS.sys - The HID class driver. The HID Class driver is the glue between KBDHID.sys and MOUHID.sys HID clients and various transports (USB, Bluetooth, etc).

The system builds the driver stack as follows:

The transport stack creates a physical device object (PDO) for each HID device attached and loads the appropriate HID transport driver which in turn loads the HID Class Driver.
The HID class driver creates a PDO for each keyboard or mouse TLC. Complex HID devices (more than 1 TLC) are exposed as multiple PDOs created by HID class driver. For example, a keyboard with an integrated mouse might have one collection for the standard keyboard controls and a different collection for the mouse.
The keyboard or mouse hid client mapper drivers are loaded on the appropriate FDO.
The HID mapper drivers create FDOs for keyboard and mouse, and load the class drivers.

Important notes:

Vendor drivers are not required for keyboards and mice that are compliant with the supported HID Usages and top level collections.
Vendors may optionally provide filter drivers in the HID stack to alter/enhance the functionality of these specific TLC.
Vendors should create separate TLCs, that are vendor specific, to exchange vendor proprietary data between their hid client and the device. Avoid using filter drivers unless critical.
The system opens all keyboard and mouse collections for its exclusive use.
The system prevents disable/enabling a keyboard.
The system provides support for horizontal/vertical wheels with smooth scrolling capabilities.

Driver Guidance

Microsoft provides the following guidance for IHVs writing drivers:

Driver developers are allowed to add additional drivers in the form of a filter driver or a new HID Client driver. The criteria are described below:
1. Filters Drivers: Driver developers should ensure that their value-add driver is a filter driver and does not replace (or be used in place of) existing Windows HID drivers in the input stack.
  - Filter

The New Standard: XInput

Using the Xbox Controller with DirectInput

XInput and DirectInput Side by Side

Related topics

Drivers Timelink Input Devices Definition

Architecture and overview

Driver Guidance